Case Western Reserve University Invitational — Water Quality

In a partially mixed estuary salt water is mixed ____ and freshwater is mixed ____.

What is the freezing point of water?

What features may vary along the length of an estuary?

True or False. Kelp forests occur in warm, nutrient rich areas of shallow coastal waters.

Name two ways in which human activity is or has been a threat to estuaries

Your teacher brings you to a nearby lake for a class field trip and explains that due to low amounts of nitrogen, organisms in the lake must compete for resources. "What does your teacher say would be the outcome of adding a large amount of nitrogen to the lake?"

Between point source pollutants and non-point source pollutants, which is more likely to enter an estuary?

How does Carbon Dioxide regulate the pH of Seawater?

What is the rate at which pressure generally increases?

An oil spill has recently occurred in an area near you. Your area is known to be a popular tourist attraction for exotic birds. What can you expect relatively soon?

How do mangroves offer protection from natural disasters?

Please label the following with their respective survivorship curve type. Squid Turtle Human Seagull

Describe (to the best of your ability) a proper survivorship curve for a turtle.

What type of filtration method is the most common in municipal wastewater treatment?

Discuss two drawbacks of using mechanical filtration systems at a wastewater treatment plant.

What are some drawbacks of the River Continuum Concept?

You and your environmentalist friend are taking a walk in the neighborhood and pass a new mansion being built with a stunning lawn and a swimming pool. Your friend shakes his head. You ask him why he is disappointed. What do you think he says to you?

What is the difference between an r and k selected species? Give an example of each?

Tie Breaker: List and describe as many natural cycles as possible

What is the difference between Hermatypic Corals and Ahermatypic Corals?

What are some requirements for Coral Reef Formation?

Please list the stages of coral reef development in order.

How would you discern the age of a coral reef

List 2 threats to coral reefs and how they affect the reef. (consequences)

Coral bleaching has become a problem in many coral reefs around the globe. Please explain what causes coral bleaching as well as what happens during coral bleaching.

How might Coral bleaching affect us humans? (two ways)

Explain what Zooxanthellae give to the coral and what the coral do to the materials received by the Zooxanthellae.

Please describe a simple coral reef food web (1 example in each category, predator, producer, consumer etc).

What do sponges do for a coral reef?

Which zone is arguably the most diverse zone of a coral reef.

How do Corals reproduce?

Overfishing is a known threat to coral reefs. What regulations have been put in place to prevent or mitigate the effects of overfishing? (Up to 5 regulations worth 0.5 each)

What is a common way to track ocean acidification?

Tie Breaker: Chemical Equation for previous question

Describe the MPN method.

Nitrate levels above ____ mg/L are, by EPA standards unsafe.

Turbidity is measured in ____ using a ____.

What is the accepted temperature range and time of incubation for the BOD test?