Camas Invitational — Anatomy and Physiology

In the average adult, the right lung weighs ____ the left lung.

Surfactant is a mix of proteins and fat that coats the alveoli. Which of the following are correct functions of Surfactant? i. reduces cohesive forces between water molecules on alveolar surface ii. decreases lung compliance iii. reduces surface tension

Which of the following is incorrect?

Lungs are naturally elastic and will collapse if there isn’t an opposing force. This force is called ____.

In humans, two-thirds of the increase in thoracic cavity volume occurs by:

Which of the following statements about oxygen transport is FALSE?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by the lungs to protect the body from particulate matter?

What law supports the fact that changes in lung pressure can be achieved by changing lung volume?

CO₂ is NOT transported within the blood by which method?

If there is an increase in plasma CO₂, then there is a/an ____ in plasma H⁺ (hydrogen) and a/an ____ in plasma pH.

The total lung capacity is calculated using the formula:

During hypoventilation, there is an increase in plasma H⁺ (hydrogen). This leads to:

What are three changes that occur inside the airways during an asthma attack?

Alexa is a 67-year old female who presents with fever, cough, and fatigue. Chest X-Ray shows an haziness in the lower lobe of her right lung. She has no mobility impairments and no history of dementia or difficulty swallowing. Which of the following best describes her condition?

Which of the following must happen in order for gas exchange to take place in the lungs?

In order for oxygen to diffuse out of the alveoli and into the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, the pressure must be ____.

A low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. This is an example of ____.

Mark’s grandma has been complaining of tightness in her lungs and she is experiencing a decrease in her functional vital capacity. Mark’s grandma is most likely suffering from which of the following?

Which of the following causes an anatomical shunt to occur?

What do we call dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down?

What does a Spirometer not measure?

Give three examples of non-respiratory air movements.

What cell is responsible for producing surfactant to reduce surface tension?

Which of the following is incorrect?

Bile acids are derived from ____ and are secreted into the bile by the ____.

Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves ____.

A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates ____.

Which enzyme in saliva breaks down carbohydrates?

____ stimulates ____ to produce bicarbonate juice.

If an individual has damaged G cells in their digestive system which caused a malfunction in gastrin secretion, which of the following would be the result?

A 60 year old man with no past medical history who presents with a 20 pound weight loss over 2 months, fatigue, and trace amounts of blood in his feces is most concerning for which of the following conditions?

____ is the surgical incision into the stomach.

This is found on the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical cord in a fetus.

Stomach ____ cells produce pepsin, which breaks down proteins into fragments called ____.

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down fats during digestion?

All the following are associated with duodenal ulcers except:

During deglutition, ____ and ____ move up to prevent food from entering the nasopharynx while the ____ closes over the glottis to prevent food from going into trachea.

Iron is mainly absorbed in the:

A 23-year old woman with no past surgical history complains of periumbilical pain associated with nausea and vomiting. Several hours later, her pain moves to the right lower quadrant of her abdomen. Pressure on her left lower quadrant reproduces the pain on her right side. This woman’s condition is best explained by which of the following?

Occasionally part of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm. This condition is called as:

This condition results in the erosion of the mucosa and reaches the submucosa or deeper.

Label the following diagram of the liver. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m.

Label the following transverse section through the abdominal cavity. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r.

Eva recently gave birth and her baby is breastfeeding. Eva’s baby is healthy and has not yet gotten sick this flu season due to the extra protection she is gaining from her mothers milk. What class of antibodies is responsible for the extra immunity that her baby is gaining from her?

How do natural killer cells know which cells to attack and which cells are normal healthy cells of the human body?

What happens after a complement protein binds to a pathogen?

Which physical immune system barriers protect your body from foreign pathogens?

Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disorder?

Sam scrapes his knee after falling off his bicycle. Which of the following would be Sam’s body’s first line of defense against the bacteria present in his knee wound?

The process of ____ is when complement proteins serve as markers to alert phagocytic cells the presence of pathogens and enhance engulfment.

When the body is exposed to a pathogen, ____ recognizes the pathogen, engulfs it, then alerts the rest of the body about the pathogen.

How does the cell from question 33 inform other cells in the body about an infection?

What protein markers are expressed on the surface of all cells except RBCs?

What does MALT stand for?

Immune tolerance helps prevent which of the following?

Vaccines are a good example to show how ____ work.

What cells make up a large proportion of puss?

What disease can occur if a mother is Rh negative and the baby is Rh positive?

Vaccinations are the injection of dead or weakened pathogens into the body. What classification of immunity is this?

Infusions or gamma globulin injections use which types of immunity?

What part of the immune system is responsible for filtering pathogens out of the blood?

What part of the antibody does an antigen bind to?

All of the following are common symptoms of anaphylaxis EXCEPT:

A first-year medical student is studying microscopic slides for his microanatomy course when a fire-ant bites his left hand. Within minutes, a red rash spreads across the back of his hand, and he notes swelling and itchiness. On a molecular level, what is the most likely cause of this inflammatory reaction?

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) primarily infects what kind of white blood cell?

This autosomal recessive disorder is commonly caused by a mutation in a chloride ion channel

This disease mimics the effect of having excess thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

This disease leads to the destruction of oligodendrocytes.