Cypress Falls - TX — Remote Sensing

Which of these techniques uses passive sensing?

Your back phone camera is an example of passive or active sensing?

Face ID measures the delays between signals leaving the sensor and entering it to plot the unique features of your face. Is this an example of passive or active sensing?

Which of the following techniques is best during cloud coverage?

What property of the GRACE satellites is used for gravimetry?

Doppler radar is used to detect tornadoes. What type of map is used to identify their shape?

Doppler radar is used to detect tornadoes. What shape tells meteorologists of an incoming tornado?

Why is it that there are no ozone measurements made from Earth, and instead made from space?

Suppose Big Refrigerator successfully lobbies for removal of all CFC restrictions and pumps hundreds of thousands of liters of the stuff into the atmosphere. What will be the indirect forcing at 0km altitude and 25km altitude?

What type of technique is best for creating a chart measuring atmospheric SOx partial pressure distribution as a function of altitude?

Suppose an aerosol cloud has a radius of 45 nm, what type of scattering will it likely cause for sunlight?

Assume the aerosol is struck by light primarily of 500 nm. What percent of incident light intensity is scattered away?

When looking at a spectrum of a far-off planet via transmission spectroscopy, what other piece of information must you also have to find atmospheric composition?

When looking at a spectrum of a far-off planet via transmission spectroscopy, what effect must be accounted for to ensure accurate wavelengths?

Identify which of the following feedback loops is positive:

Rayleigh-Jeans' law ____ the spectral radiance of the sun, and Wien tends to ____ the spectral radiance of the sun.

Why does the quantization of energy solve the ultraviolet catastrophe?

A satellite orbits a planet with mass 6.0 × 10²⁴ kg at a distance of 7.0 × 10⁶ m from the planet's center. Using Kepler's 3rd Law (T² = (4π²/GM)r³), calculate the orbital period in seconds. (G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg²)

Which of Kepler's laws proves the Earth's orbit cannot be spherical?

What is the adjustment factor between a sidereal and solar day?

What orbit is best for meteorology applications for just a specific region?

A satellite's distance from the surface of the earth is halved while maintaining the same rotational period. How is the revisit period affected?

What is the height that a satellite must be to be geostationary?

What is the ground sample distance for a satellite pointing 15 degrees from nadir at a height of 800km. Assume the sensor has a pixel angular size of 0.77 arcseconds.

A certain satellite measures 1.61 micrometer wavelengths from Earth at a height of 200km, what is the absolute max diameter of its circular aperture if you wish to have a spatial resolution of 20m². Assume the area measured is a circle and that the earth is flat (which it isn't!).

Which of the following is an active remote sensing instrument?

What is the primary advantage of LIDAR over passive optical sensors?

Which electromagnetic spectrum region is primarily used by thermal infrared radiometers to measure Earth's surface temperature?

The CALIPSO satellite uses which technique to measure cloud and aerosol vertical structure?

What phenomenon causes the sky to appear blue?

When electromagnetic radiation passes through the atmosphere, which process reduces its intensity without changing direction?

Which spectral region can penetrate deepest into ocean water?

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission uses what type of radar to measure rainfall?

According to Wien's Displacement Law, as temperature increases, the peak wavelength of blackbody radiation:

The Stefan-Boltzmann Law states that total energy radiated by a blackbody is proportional to:

Which orbital characteristic defines a sun-synchronous orbit?

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites typically orbit at altitudes of:

The Instantaneous Field of View (IFOV) of a sensor determines:

The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) on Suomi NPP measures:

Which phenomenon causes mirages on hot roads?

The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) provides:

Which statement about Rayleigh scattering is TRUE?

What is the primary purpose of the PACE mission?

The OCO-2 satellite primarily measures atmospheric concentrations of:

Polar orbiting satellites like Suomi NPP typically have:

ECOSTRESS on the International Space Station measures:

The Aura satellite carries instruments that primarily monitor:

What advantage does synthetic aperture radar (SAR) have over optical imaging?

Which type of scattering dominates when particle size is comparable to wavelength?

Which wavelength region is most affected by atmospheric water vapor absorption?

What does the "limb viewing" technique refer to in atmospheric remote sensing?

MODIS on the Aqua satellite has how many spectral bands?

Which factor does NOT directly affect ground sample distance?

What does higher spatial resolution in satellite imagery mean?

The GOES satellites are examples of:

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

What principle allows GRACE to measure changes in Earth's gravity field?

The albedo of a surface is:

Which instrument would be best for measuring atmospheric CO₂ concentration profiles?

The revisit time of a satellite refers to:

A volcanic eruption injects large amounts of SO₂ into the stratosphere, forming sulfate aerosols.

Atmospheric CO₂ concentration increases from 400 ppm to 450 ppm.

An El Niño event causes warmer than average sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific.

CFCs are released into the atmosphere, destroying stratospheric ozone.

Industrial pollution increases atmospheric aerosol concentrations over populated regions, increasing cloud condensation nuclei.

Solar activity increases, leading to higher total solar irradiance reaching Earth.

Deforestation in the Amazon reduces forest cover, replacing it with grassland.

Stratospheric water vapor concentration increases due to methane oxidation.

Atmospheric ammonia (NH₃) emissions increase from agricultural activities.

A La Niña event brings cooler than average sea surface temperatures to the tropical Pacific.

What is the solar constant (intensity of stellar radiation) at the planet's orbital distance?

How much total solar power intercepts the planet (consider the cross-sectional area)?

What is being measured in the image?

After accounting for the planet's albedo, how much solar power is actually absorbed?

For energy balance, the planet must radiate away all absorbed energy. Using Stefan-Boltzmann Law (P = σAT⁴), what is the equilibrium temperature of the planet? (Note: planet radiates from its entire surface area)

Does this satellite still report data?

Now suppose the planet develops a thin atmosphere. The atmosphere is transparent to incoming solar radiation but absorbs 80% of outgoing infrared radiation from the surface. What is the new surface temperature?

Is this image an example of passive or active sensing

An aerosol layer is introduced into the atmosphere that reflects an additional 10% of incoming solar radiation (new total albedo = 0.35). With the atmospheric absorption still at 80% of surface IR, what is the new equilibrium surface temperature?

The change in surface temperature from adding the aerosols (comparing questions 90 and 91) represents:

The star emits as a blackbody with peak wavelength at 1000 nm. What is the star's surface temperature?

If the atmosphere's IR absorption increases from 80% to 90% (while albedo remains 0.35), the surface temperature will:

A volcanic eruption injects aerosols that temporarily increase the planet's albedo to 0.45 for one year. The immediate effect on the equilibrium temperature (with 90% atmospheric IR absorption) is:

If the planet's surface temperature is 320 K and it needs to cool to 300 K, by approximately what percentage must the total absorbed solar radiation decrease (assuming constant IR atmospheric absorption)?

The planet's atmosphere contains a trace gas that has an absorption band in the infrared. Doubling the concentration of this gas increases atmospheric IR absorption from 90% to 92%. What is the approximate radiative forcing at the surface?

Using Wien's Displacement Law (λmax = 2898/T μm·K), at what wavelength does the planet's surface (at 320 K) emit maximum radiation?

If the planet's orbital distance increases by 10%, by what factor must the star's luminosity increase to maintain the same equilibrium temperature (assuming no atmosphere)?