University of Michigan Invitational — Protein Modeling Written Test

What is the correct flow of information according to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

What interactions hold two complementary base pairs together across opposing DNA strands?

What interactions hold nitrogen bases on the same DNA strand together, allowing for a chain of nucleotides to form?

Cytosine-Guanine base pairs are held together by:

If the DNA sequence 5’ AGTGCTAGAGA 3’ is transcribed, what is the resulting mRNA sequence?

Cas9 has traditionally been observed to form what in target DNA?

CRISPR developed in some bacteria as:

CRISPR has been utilized extensively by modern biologists for genetic engineering. In order to garner specific edits to the DNA, these researchers take advantage of which one of these common DNA repair mechanisms?

After acing the protein modeling test and getting accepted at the University of Michigan, you become a rising star in the field of yeast genetics. After observing that an unknown gene potentially plays a role in a complex (multi-enzyme) oil metabolism pathway, you wish to confirm whether or not this gene is involved. Which of the following is one possible approach to yielding an answer?

What has cytidine deaminase been demonstrated to do to DNA in the presence of dCas9?

Research on cytidine deaminase has provided a novel means for correcting disease-relevant mutations in mammalian cells. Cytidine deaminase was able to reverse mutations in APOE4 that increase the risk of which disease?

Which of the following is an essential functional group of amino acids?
I. Carboxylic Acid
II. Amino Group
III. Alcohol
IV. Thiol

The C terminus of a peptide chain has what charge at physiological pH?

The N terminus of a peptide chain has what charge at physiological pH?

Molecules are said to be zwitterionic when they contain charged atoms, but a net charge of 0. Are amino acids zwitterionic at physiological pH?

How many levels of protein structure exist?

Which of the following refers to the three-dimensional structure of a protein?

Which of the following refers to the sequence of amino acids?

Which of the following refers to the structure of the amino acid backbone?

What are the most common structures found in secondary structure?

Peptide bonds are between:

Hydrogen bonding is involved in which level(s) of protein structure

Beta-pleated sheets contain two strands. In which direction do they run?

Which of the following play a role in tertiary structure?

What sulfur compound can be formed into disulfide linkages?

One of the most infamous amino acids with an effect on protein structure has been labeled the “helix breaker.” What is this amino acid?

Which of the following amino acids are often found in beta sheets?

Denaturation is primarily a breakdown in which level of protein structure?

Which of the following contribute to denaturation?

Is protein denaturation reversible?

Why is protein denaturation a problem?

If one amino acid is replaced with another amino acid, would there be any problem?

The guide RNA (gRNA) is critical for giving instructions to Cas9. What does the gRNA contain?

Which of the following matches the site where Cas9 will act?

The crRNA is often how many base pairs?

The tracrRNA has a unique structure that is required for recognition by a Cas enzyme. What is this structure?

In APOBEC3, where is the ssDNA bound?