Mentor Invitational (B only) — Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology · Division B · Mentor Invitational (B only) · 2018

81 questions · 83 points · 50 min· 2 questions from the original omitted

Turn in ALL exam materials at the end of this event. Write your Team number on EVERY page of the ANSWER SHEET. Write your Team name and individual names where indicated on the ANSWER SHEET. For Sections A, B, C and E answers should be provided on the ANSWER SHEET. For Section D - Diagram section, label the diagram provided and make sure Team number is provided on the Page. Only diagram Labels will be scored from this set. The tiebreakers and their point values are highlighted and is the last section.

Section A: Multiple Choice..

Question 1

1 pt

____ are clusters of lymphatic nodules located beneath the epithelial lining of the small intestine.

Question 2

1 pt

The cells that are responsible for circulating Antibodies in the blood stream are the

Question 3

1 pt

The White blood cells are attracted to the site of an inflammation by the process called

Question 4

1 pt

Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and may play a role in regulation of Humoral Immune response are

Question 5

1 pt

Which of the following makes Skin serve as the First line of defense in the Immune response

Question 6

1 pt

A virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies for the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to help deal with the same viral disease. This would be an example of

Question 7

1 pt

Class II MHC Molecules are found only on

Question 8

1 pt

The primary immune response

A. Occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary immune responseB. Occurs only when memory cells are stimulatedC. Is another name for immunological memoryD. Has a lag period where B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cellsE. None of the above.

Question 9

1 pt

Which of the following is an example of Natural Passive Immunity

A. Getting sick with Chicken poxB. Getting vaccinated for fluC. Getting an Injection of antibodies from a Passive NurseD. Transfer of Antibodies from Maternal blood to Fetal bloodE. Transfer of Helper T cells from Maternal blood to Fetal blood.

Question 10

1 pt

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

A. is responsible for forming Lymphocytes.B. Produces antibodies in Lymph Glands.C. is a group of genes that codes for Human Leukocyte Antigens.D. is a Membrane protein that can recognize Foreign Antigens.E. is the Antigen found on bacteria that stimulates an immune response.

Question 11

1 pt

Which of the Immunoglobulins has a larger size?

Question 12

1 pt

Saliva and lacrimal fluid both contain:

A. Lysosomes, bactericidal organellesB. Peroxysomes, bactericidal organellesC. Lysozyme, a bactericidal enzymeD. Peroxyzyme, a bactericidal enzymeE. Both A and B are correct

Question 14

1 pt

Which is the hormone that is secreted by the Thymus

Question 15

1 pt

The complement activation begins when the Protein MHC1 binds to

Question 16

1 pt

Most of the carbon dioxide (CO₂) carried in the blood is carried

A. as a dissolved gas in the water of the plasmaB. as the bicarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻) in plasmaC. bound to hemoglobin in the red blood cellsD. as micro-bubbles in the plasmaE. None of the above

Question 17

1 pt

Which of the following is the most potent respiratory stimulus?

Question 18

1 pt

Which of the following refers to the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between systemic tissues and systemic capillaries?

Question 19

1 pt

The nasal cavity is lined by:

A. Simple stratified ciliated epithelium with goblet cells.B. Pseudostratified cuboidal epithelium without goblet cells.C. Pseudociliated columnar epithelium with goblet cellsD. Semistratified columnar epithelium with cilia.E. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

Question 20

1 pt

Which best describes the correct of structures in the Respiratory system

A. Pharynx, Epiglottis, Larynx with vocal cords, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, AlveoliB. Larynx, Epiglottis, Pharynx with vocal cords, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, AlveoliC. Pharynx, Epiglottis, Trachea, Larynx with vocal cords, Bronchi, Bronchioles, AlveoliD. Pharynx, Larynx with vocal cords, Epiglottis, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, AlveoliE. Pharynx, Larynx with vocal cords, Epiglottis, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli, Alveolar ducts

Question 21

1 pt

What is the mechanism by which molecules move from the region of higher concentration to lower concentration?

Question 22

1 pt

The amount of air that can be inhaled during forced breathing in addition to resting tidal volume.

Question 23

1 pt

Under Normal conditions, What is the partial pressure of Oxygen in the Alveoli

Question 24

1 pt

Which would serve to increase the surface area of the nasal cavity and to disrupt the flow of air as it enters the nose, causing air to bounce along the epithelium, where it is cleaned and warmed?

Question 25

1 pt

When ventilation is not sufficient, which of the following occurs?

A. The capillary constricts.B. The capillary dilates.C. The partial pressure of oxygen in the affected alveolus increases.D. The bronchioles dilate.E. The bronchioles constrict.

Question 26

1 pt

Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing?

Question 27

1 pt

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm Hg in the blood and 40 mm Hg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide?

A. It diffuses into the blood.B. It diffuses into the alveoli.C. The gradient is too small for carbon dioxide to diffuse.D. It decomposes into carbon and oxygen.E. None of the above

Question 28

1 pt

A low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. This is an example of the

Question 29

1 pt

Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called

Question 30

1 pt

The Lamina Propria is a layer of the

Question 31

1 pt

Which of these glands are in the floor of the mouth and secrete saliva into the mouth?

Question 32

1 pt

Lingual Glands secrete which of the following enzymes?

Question 33

1 pt

What is the other name for swallowing?

Question 34

1 pt

Which controls the movement of food from the stomach to the duodenum?

Question 35

1 pt

The folds within the Stomach are called

Question 36

1 pt

Parietal cells secrete which of the below enzymes.

Question 37

1 pt

The Folds within the Small Intestine which increases the area for food absorption are called

Question 38

1 pt

What are end products of Nucleotides digestion?

Question 39

1 pt

Constant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increases the risks of which of the following: I. Duodenal Ulcers II. Peptic Ulcers III. Gastric Ulcers

Question 40

1 pt

What bacteria is one of the main causes of ulcers in the stomach?

Question 41

1 pt

Immunoglobulin that is most abundant in Serum, Lymph and Peritoneal Fluid is

Question 42

1 pt

Immunoglobulin that is the first to appear in response to initial exposure of an antigen.

Question 43

1 pt

Which of these Cells are made in the bone marrow and then circulate in the blood for 1-2 days before they reach the organs where they are called macrophages.

Question 44

1 pt

Which of these cells kills parasitic worms?

Question 45

1 pt

The largest mass of the Lymphoid tissue is present in which part of the body.

Section B: Fill in the Blanks.

Question B1

1 pt

Surfactant is produced by ____ and acts to ____ alveolar surface tension.

Question B2

1 pt

____ are large Lymphatic nodules that are located in the Pharynx

Question B3

1 pt

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called____ immunity.

Question B4

1 pt

____ is a mucous-secreting unicellular gland interspersed between the columnar epithelial cells of mucous membranes.

Question B6

1 pt

The pharyngeal tonsils is also referred to as ____.

Question B7

1 pt

____ and the ____ bodies serves as Peripheral chemo receptors in regulating respiration.

Question B8

1 pt

____ ____ drains from the middle ear to the nasopharynx.

Question B9

1 pt

The largest piece of cartilage in the Larynx is the ____.

Question B10

1 pt

The other name for the ____ prominence is Adam’s apple.

Question B11

1 pt

The sequential, alternating waves of contraction and relaxation of alimentary wall smooth muscles, which act to propel food is ____.

Question B12

1 pt

The mechanical churning of food in the stomach serves to further break it apart and expose more of its surface area to digestive juices, creating an acidic “soup” called ____.

Question B13

1 pt

Lipids are absorbed into ____ and are transported via the lymphatic vessels to the bloodstream.

Question B14

1 pt

Segmentation is an ____ action happening the Small Intestine.

Question B15

1 pt

____Glands are present below the tongue.

Section C: Match the following 1-20 with a-s

PassageFor questions C1–C20

a. Causes vasodilation when released b. Brush border enzyme which aids in protein digestion c. Stimulates further T-cell and B-cell activation through secretion of additional lymphokine. d. Rise in CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide) levels in blood e. Taste buds that cover major part of the tongue f. Caused by blocked artery in the lungs, usually blood clot that has traveled from vein in legs g. Location where Breakdown of Lipids begins with Lingual Lipase h. Causes clumping of the bacteria i. Commonly called collapsed lung j. Pneumonia affecting an entire lobe of a lung k. Cancer arises from the peripheral parts of the lungs l. Midline fold of mucous membrane that attaches the inner surface of each lip to the gum. m. Inflammation of the Peritoneum n. Nerve responsible for motility, the rhythm and force of the contractions of the muscularis o. Pepsinogen p. Cancer that occurs almost exclusively in smokers, most aggressive type and spreads readily. q. Contains a bactericidal enzyme Lysozyme r. Immunity associated with circulating antibodies s. Cell to cell signaling Molecules which aids immune responses t. Most Superior Tonsils. u. Low level of oxygen in blood causing bluish skin

Question C1

1 pt

Myenteric plexus

Question C2

1 pt

Peritonitis

Question C3

1 pt

Mouth

Question C4

1 pt

Labial frenulum

Question C5

1 pt

Fungiform papillae

Question C6

1 pt

chief cells

Question C7

1 pt

Humoral immunity

Question C8

1 pt

Aminopeptidase

Question C9

1 pt

pharyngeal tonsils

Question C10

1 pt

Cytokine

Question C11

1 pt

Histamine

Question C12

1 pt

Hypercapnia

Question C13

1 pt

Saliva

Question C14

1 pt

Agglutination

Question C15

1 pt

Helper T Cell

Question C16

1 pt

ATELECTASIS

Question C17

1 pt

SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

Question C18

1 pt

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Question C19

1 pt

LARGE CELL CARCINOMA

Question C20

1 pt

Lobar Pneumonia

Section E: Tie Breaker

Question E1

1 pt

In HIV the count of ____ cells decreases below its normal level

Question E2

1 pt

T cells have TCR referred to as the ____ ____ ____ that bind to antigen fragments in MHC molecules

Question E3

3 pts

What is Hemolytic disease? Explain 1 scenario how this happens.