Scio.ly | UChicago Invitational

Question 1

1 pt

Define groundwater.

Question 2

1 pt

How much of the hydrosphere is groundwater?

Question 3

2 pts

Fill in the blanks

Question 4

1 pt

There is ____ atmospheric pressure above the water table and ____ atmospheric pressure below the water table.

A. positive, negativeB. negative, negativeC. negative, positiveD. positive, positive

Question 5

1 pt

Natural groundwater is commonly:

Question 6

1 pt

Explain your reasoning for the previous question.

Question 7

2 pts

Describe the role that groundwater plays in karst formations. What chemically allows it to occur?

Question 8

2 pts

Would you expect to find a cavern in granite? Would you expect to discover a cavern in shale? Defend your answers.

Question 9

2 pts

The drop in the water table around a pumped well is the

A. drawdownB. hydraulic headC. porosityD. fluid potential

Question 10

3 pts

Define the terms in Darcy's law: v, Q, K, Δh, ΔL, A

Question 11

4 pts

Describe four different types of topographical drainage networks. What factors are responsible for the formation of each?

Question 12

1 pt

Why are there variations in velocity in the same stream?

A. the gravitational pull of the earth is stronger at some points along the streamB. stochastic variationC. wind at different points along the stream cause its speed to changeD. friction along the walls and bed of the stream slows the flow of water

Question 13

2 pts

Name at least 2 factors that control a stream's velocity.

Question 14

1 pt

The broad strip of land built up by sedimentation on either side of a stream channel is

A. a flood plainB. a deltaC. an alluvial fanD. a meander

Question 15

1 pt

A river's velocity is ____ on the outside of a meander curve compared to the inside.

A. equalB. lowerC. higher

Question 16

1 pt

A stream that doesn't meander at all has a sinuosity of ____.

Question 17

3 pts

How do clastic sediments differ from organic sediment and chemical sediment?

Question 18

1 pt

The competence of a stream is

A. its speedB. the maximum particle size it carriesC. the total quantity of sediment it can carryD. the amount of water in the stream

Question 20

1 pt

Coarser sediment tends to settle out ____ and finer sediment settles out ____.

A. upstream, downstreamB. downstream, upstreamC. north of the equator, south of the equatorD. south of the equator, north of the equator

Question 21

3 pts

How does acidification affect algal populations?

Question 22

2 pts · select all that apply

Select all that would help counter the effects of acid precipitation.

A. burning low-sulfur fuels for industry and power production and decreasing the emission of nitrogen compounds in automobile exhaustB. adding lye (sodium hydroxide) to lakes and watersheds to neutralize the effects of the acidC. adding lime (calcium carbonate) to lakes and watersheds to neutralize the effects of the acidD. adding hydrochloric acid to lakes and watersheds to neutralize the effects of the acidE. increasing methane emissions

Question 23

1 pt

Which of the following pollution sources is geogenic?

A. Agricultural fertilizer runoffB. Leakage from septic tanks into aquifersC. Radioactive leakage from bedrock into aquifersD. Microplastic in rivers

Question 24

1 pt

Aquifers provide water for millions of people. But when aquifers are used at faster rate than they can replenished a deficit occurs which causes a number of problems. What is it called when aquifers in coastal areas start to fill with ocean water?

Question 25

1 pt

The following diagram shows the formation process for what feature?

Question 26

1 pt

What agent of erosion is mostly responsible for the depressions occupied by both the kettle lakes and finger lakes found in New York State?

A. WindB. GlaciersC. WavesD. Streams

Question 27

2 pts

What causes a turbidity current?

Question 28

1 pt

The instrument used for measuring evaporation is called a:

Question 29

1 pt

What defines a rainfall intensity of light rain?

A. When the rainfall period lasts for under 10 minutes.B. When the precipitation rate is between 2.5 to 7.6 mm per hour.C. When the rain droplets are less than 1 cm in length.D. When the precipitation rate is <2.5 mm per hour.

Question 30

1 pt · select all that apply

Which of the following factors affect water infiltration of a formation?

Question 31

1 pt

A hydrograph is the graphical representation of:

Question 32

1 pt · select all that apply

Which of the following are point-source pollution?

Question 33

1 pt

All of the following characteristics apply to the riparian zone EXCEPT:

A. high species diversityB. high sun exposureC. wildlife corridorD. biofilters

Question 34

1 pt

The uppermost level at which the water in a given area fully saturates rock or soil is called a:

A. Impermeable surfaceB. Groundwater rechargeC. Water tableD. Mantle level

Question 35

1 pt

What are other names for disappearing streams?

A. Karst streamB. Losing streamC. Vanishing streamD. Ephemeral spring

Question 36

1 pt · select all that apply

Which of the following are true about bogs?

A. Have an impermeable clay layerB. Low in nutrients and highly acidicC. High in nutrients and highly acidicD. Located in cold, temperate climatesE. Located in tropical climatesF. Type of wetland that accumulates peat

Question 37

3 pts

If an area is susceptible to erosion, what is a land-use change that could be implemented to prevent further erosion?

Question 38

3 pts

What are negative environmental impacts of man-made dams?

Question 39

1 pt

What is the deepest layer in a thermally stratified lake called?

Question 40

2 pts

Explain how and why a lake turnover occurs.

Question 41

2 pts

What is the difference between the Strahler and Shreve methods for determining stream order?

Question 42

1 pt

What does it mean to delineate a watershed on a topographic map?

Question 43

2 pts

How is a natural levee formed?

Question 44

2 pts

What is the difference in suspension caused by laminar flow vs. turbulent flow?

Question 45

1 pt · select all that apply

According to the Davis cycle of erosion, what characterizes an old-age stream?

Question 46

1 pt · select all that apply

How is an oxbow lake formed?

Question 47

4 pts

Solve for the 1) value of Q AND 2) the value of V (Darcy velocity) using Darcy's Law given the following information:

A confined aquifer has a source of recharge.
K for the aquifer is 50 m/day, and porosity n is 0.2.
The piezometric head in two wells 1000 m apart is 55 m and 50 m respectively, from a common datum.
The average thickness of the aquifer is 30 m, and the average width of the aquifer is 5 km = 5000 m.

Question 48

4 pts

Determine the flow rate Q of the seepage from the river to the channel given the following information:

A channel runs almost parallel to a river, and they are 2000 ft apart.
The water level in the river is at an elevation of 120 ft. The channel is at an elevation of 110 ft.
A previous formation averaging 30 ft thick and with hydraulic conductivity K of 0.25 ft/hr joins them.

Question 49

1 pt

Which of the following would describe a glacial lake?

Question 50

1 pt

Describe 2 ways that nick points (or knickpoints) are formed.

Question 51

3 pts

Explain the components of Chezy's equation, and what the equation is used to calculate.

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